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Breaking down Blood Glucose

Breaking down Blood Glucose

  • October 6, 2018
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Glucose is the primary source of energy, and is critical for normal functioning of the body. Whatever you eat in the form of carbs, your body breaks it down into glucose. In this process, insulin hormone, secreted by pancreas, acts as a bridge to transport glucose to the cells via your blood.

The blood sugar level or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose present in the blood. It is measured in unit mg/dL means milligrams per deciliter. Glucose levels are usually lowest in the morning, before the first meal of the day, and rise after meals for an hour or two by a few units.

Blood glucose levels

For most of the healthy persons, normal blood sugar levels are as follows:

  • Random: below 180 mg/dL
  • When fasting: Between 72 and 99 mg/dL
  • After 2 hours of eating: Up to 140 mg/dL
  • HbA1c levels > 6.2%

If your blood sugar levels are outside the normal range or fluctuates more widely, it may be an indicator of diabetes. A persistently high level is referred to as hyperglycemia whereas low levels are referred to as hypoglycemia.

It is important for people with diabetes to monitor their blood sugar levels to meet their treatment goals. Your levels may be different from what is usually considered as normal because of age, pregnancy, and/or other factors.

If you have type 2 diabetes, your blood sugar level targets are as follows:

  • Fasting and Before meals: 80-130 mg/dL for non-pregnant adults
  • After 2 hours of eating: <180 mg/dL for non-pregnant adults

Why should you maintain blood glucose levels? glucometer

High blood sugar, if not controlled, can lead to Kidney, eyes, nerve, and blood vessel damage. It can also lead to stroke and heart attack. In people with type 1 diabetes, it can lead to building up of ketone acids in the blood (ketoacidosis). These complications can be controlled by controlling blood glucose levels.

Therefore, it is important to control blood sugar levels through appropriate diet planning, exercise and timely medication (if prescribed).

Consultant 
Dr. Abhay Vispute 
Medical Director SRV Group of Hospitals

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